Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators in JavaScript are used for performing basic mathematical calculations. Here's a breakdown of each operator with examples.

1. Addition (`+`)

The addition operator adds two values.

let x = 10;
let y = 3;
console.log(x + y); // Output: 13

2. Subtraction (`-`)

The subtraction operator subtracts the second value from the first.

console.log(x - y); // Output: 7

3. Multiplication (`*`)

The multiplication operator multiplies two values.

console.log(x * y); // Output: 30

4. Division (`/`)

The division operator divides the first value by the second.

console.log(x / y); // Output: 3.3333333333333335

5. Remainder (`%`)

The remainder operator returns the remainder after dividing the first value by the second.

console.log(x % y); // Output: 1

6. Exponentiation (`**`)

The exponentiation operator raises the first value to the power of the second value.

console.log(x ** y); // Output: 1000

Increment and Decrement Operators

7. Increment (`++`)

The increment operator increases the value of a variable by 1. It can be used in two ways: before the variable (prefix) and after the variable (postfix).

Prefix Increment (++x): The value of x is incremented by 1 first, and then the new value is returned.
```
console.log(++x); // Output: 11 (x is now 11)
```

Postfix Increment (x++): The current value of x is returned first, and then x is incremented by 1.

console.log(x++); // Output: 11 (x is now 12 after this statement)
console.log(x);   // Output: 12

8. Decrement (`--`)

The decrement operator decreases the value of a variable by 1. It can also be used in two ways: before the variable (prefix) and after the variable (postfix).

Prefix Decrement (--x): The value of x is decremented by 1 first, and then the new value is returned.
```
console.log(--x); // Output: 11 (x is now 11)
```

Postfix Decrement (x--): The current value of x is returned first, and then x is decremented by 1.

console.log(x--); // Output: 11 (x is now 10 after this statement)
console.log(x);   // Output: 10

Summary

To summarize, JavaScript provides the following arithmetic operators:

Addition (+): Adds two values.
Subtraction (-): Subtracts the second value from the first.
Multiplication (*): Multiplies two values.
Division (/): Divides the first value by the second.
Remainder (%): Returns the remainder of dividing the first value by the second.
Exponentiation (**): Raises the first value to the power of the second value.
Increment (++): Increases the value of a variable by 1.
Decrement (--): Decreases the value of a variable by 1.

Understanding these operators will help you perform various calculations and manipulations with numbers in JavaScript, just like in mathematics.